Abstract:
Water is the basic necessity of life. Pakistan is an agrarian country having a total area of 796096km2 with total cultivated area of 22.05 million hectors, of which 19.02 million hectors area, is under irrigation. The Potohar plateau stretches over an area of 2.2 million hectors with total cultivated area of 1 million hectors of which 0.015 million hectors is irrigated and the rest is dependent upon rain fall. . The continuous use of ground water has caused depletion of ground water sources with an average rate of 0.15m / year in Soan basin. The following problems have been identified over the course of time. So there is need for a source that provides water for agriculture, drinking and continuously recharge ground water table. This project covers the methodology and techniques adopted for the design of most economical and safe water retaining structure that provide a feasible solution for the existing problems. It covers both the design of an earthen dam using locally available materials and design of a concrete gravity dam. Stability, Seepage and settlement analyses along with earth quake forces have been performed to ensure safety, stability and appropriate functioning of dam. Considering sections of different height and dams of different type the most economical and safe structure has been recommended after performing cost estimation and Environmental impact analyses.
