Therapeutic Efficacy of Thymus Serpyllum Derived Silver Nanoparticles In Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic BALB/C Mice

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and is characterized by means of consistent hyperglycemia as a consequence of either entire or incomplete deficiency of insulin secretion and action of insulin. The most commonly used therapeutic agent used for type 2 diabetes mellitus is metformin. However, it has various side effects which include its slow mode of action and gastrointestinal infections. Therefore scientists are trying to overcome these limitations by promoting nanomedicine that can be synthesized from biological sources. In nanomedicine, silver nanoparticles have gained more importance due to their strong anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and antimicrobial properties. The present study reports a green, economical and biological means for the efficient production of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the extract of Thymus serpyllum. This synthesis method was also optimized under different physiochemical parameters such as temperature and molar concentration ratios to obtain narrow size distribution of AgNPs. XRD was used to characterize these silver nanoparticles. To induce diabetes in BALB/c mice, streptozotocin (STZ) injections were given along with high fat diet. Primers for Glut4, INS2, IRS2 were designed by Primer 3 Plus and then validated by UCSC In-Silico PCR. The results were initially assessed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, showing maximum absorbance at the characteristic wavelength of 400nm. The shape of these silver nanoparticles was found spherical. XRD pattern of silver nanoparticles showed six intensive peaks. The difference between Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) level and body weight of control and experimental mice showed the successful induction of diabetes in BALB/c mice. UCSC In-Silico PCR gives the primers that showed binding to the target region and showed no off-target binding. Thus, silver nanoparticles having anti-diabetic potential can be synthesized from Thymus serpyllum extract under optimized conditions.