Abstract:
Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) is an opportunistic gram-positive pathogen, exhibiting highest antibiotic resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) group. In order to understand the genetic components of resistance and to control the further spread of resistance, a local S. haemolyticus strain PK01 from chronic wound sample was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. The genome size of PK01 strain is 2.61 Mb with 32.76% GC content. The genome contains 2,658 protein-encoding genes and 70 noncoding RNA genes. The strain PK01 harbours resistance determinants; fusB, SAT-4, ermC, aac(6')-aph(2"), ANT(4')-Ib, mecA, blaZ, mgrA, mphC, msrA, dfrG, bleO and mepA that provide resistance to tetracycline, cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, beta-lactam, fusidic acid, macrolides, kanamycin, sulphonamide, bleomycin and streptothricin. Two plasmids, pPK01_01 (2163 bp) carrying macrolide resistance gene (ermC) and pPK01_02 (4831 bp) harbouring aminoglycoside (ANT(4')-Ib) and bleomycin (bleO) resistance genes were also identified. Comparative analysis of PK01 strain with other complete genome sequence strains revealed that the local strain PK01 is more resistant and virulent compare to other complete genomes. Phylogenetic analysis inferred that PK01 is evolutionarily related to strain FDAARGOS_517 reported from USA. Subtractive proteome approach predicted 15 vaccine candidates in pan-genome of S. haemolyticus and a stable immunogenic poly-epitope vaccine was proposed which can be used to elicit immune responses against this opportunistic pathogen.
