Abstract:
Water is one of the significant resources for survival of life on Earth. Water scarcity is one of
the main issues the world is currently facing. The two main sources of water in Pakistan are
precipitation and the ground water. According to the records, the per capita water availability,
till 2016, has declined from 5650 m3
to less than 1000 m3
, enlisting Pakistan as a highly water
stressed country. A huge amount of fresh water gets wasted every year in the form of
untreated wastewater. In the current alarming situation of water scarcity, there is a need to
conserve water and use this resource efficiently. This severe shortage of water can be tackled
by taking into account some water conservation practices like regulating irrigation patterns and
controlling over-extraction of ground water, improving the water policy of country, designing
and implementing NAP for conservation and storage of water, making intelligent use of water
domestically, increasing awareness among the public, constructing water reservoirs as well as
wastewater treatment plants. There are more than 77 different techniques that are being
employed to treat wastewater all around the world. The current study focuses on the treatment
of waste water by means of “Constructed Wetlands”. Constructed wetland is a concept which
is fairly new in Pakistan. It is relatively cheap and efficient process that works naturally. This
process utilizes locally available plant species for the treatment of wastewater. There are
several types of constructed wetlands that exist worldwide but the present research focuses on
the treatment of water by horizontal surfac
