Abstract:
A microgrid is a distinct energy system consisting of energy sources and loads capable of operating in parallel with or independently from the main power grid. The primary purpose is to ensure local, reliable and affordable energy for urban and rural communities as well as providing solutions for commercial, industrial, and federal government consumers.
In many respects microgrids are smaller versions of the traditional power grid. Identical to current electrical grids, they consist of power generation, distribution, and controls such as voltage regulation. However microgrids differ from traditional electrical grids by providing a closer vicinity between power generation and power consumers which means transmission losses are reduced. Microgrids can also integrate with renewable energy sources such as solar, wind power, small hydro and geothermal.
Microgrids perform dynamic control over energy sources, enabling autonomous and automatic self-healing operations. During normal, peak usage or at times of the primary power grid failure, a microgrid can operate independently of the larger grid. It can also isolate its generation terminals and power loads from disturbance without affecting the larger grid. Microgrids operate with existing power systems and are capable of feeding power back to the larger grid during times of grid failure or power outages.
Micro-grids are becoming popular throughout the world as they have several benefits including lower energy requirements, higher reliability, islanding and higher autonomy. A key aspect of Micro-grids is their capability to adjust the load requirements in response to the generation capacity and cost. This is called demand/response strategy. It is only possible if the electrical loads can be controlled remotely. However, most of the equipment presently available in homes/offices does not have any capability of communication or being controlled remotely.
