Analysis and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Software Technology Transfer and its Diffusion in Public and Private Sector Organizations of Pakistan

Abstract

Transfer of Technology and its diffusion is becoming one of the most highlighted research areas in developing countries. Technology transfer and diffusion face many problems including lack of data, high transition cost, inadequate access to wealth, trade blockades such as charges and most importantly mediocre intellect of regional requirements and lack of patent policies. These issues can be addressed by integrated approach and requires consideration of different interests and influences of stakeholders and factors involved in technology transfer and its diffusion. The networks of transfer of technology primarily denote two characteristics, firstly, external technological imports, and secondly, local technology which is based on technology purchase, its usage and diffusion. This research work has mainly focused on the second aspect. The transfer of technology procedure defines the connection which combines the acceptance of new scientific facts, and the practical relationship of the different professionals inside the procedure. To addresses this problem area in last decade no commendable work has done on transfer and diffusion of software technology in private and public-sector organizations of Pakistan where software is used by the employees worth equal or more than one hundred thousand dollars. For this purpose, the research has analyzed the transfer of software technology from foreign countries to Pakistan and its diffusion and dissemination in public and private sector organization at different level. Software technology is a basic need and becoming important for every organization to ensure the efficient and time saving tasks. Author will review and analyze the development made in diffusion of software technology and level of transfer of technology and knowledge to the concerned organization and their people. Further addition made by the author is relation among factors and impact on software technology transfer and its diffusion. This study will also evaluate the issues faced during transfer of software technology and diffusion. Different approaches have been used by the author to resolve those issues and will give a model, which defines the relation between existing factors over each other. Current study will perform as bridge between software technology transfer and application industries. The dependent variables are software technology transfer and technology diffusion, and independent variables are based upon factors; Relative Advantage, Voluntariness, Compatibility, Ease of use, Image, Result Demonstrability, Trial ability and Visibility with respect to software technology diffusion and User Involvement, Management Support, Project Team Characteristics, Incentives, Communication, Infrastructure Support and Obstacles with respect to transfer of software technology. This study will propose a model to analyze that how independent variable affects dependent variables and their relations to establish comprehensive approach for proper software technology transfer and its diffusion in public and private sector organizations of Pakistan.