Abstract:
Pakistan is one of those developing countries that are least involved in emissions but has the most vulnerable environmental conditions. Pakistan is facing severe water shortages and flooding asa result of Changes in rainfall patterns; specifically in least developed areas such as Tharparkar. Nagarparkar, once an attractive tourist spot located in Tharparkar because of its tropical desert climate, is now facing severe drought condition from the last few decades. This study investigates the present socio economic situation of local communities, major impacts of droughts and their underlying causes and current mitigation strategies adapted by local communities. Primary and secondary data was used to understand the impacts and explore causes on socio economic life of local communities of study area. The relevant data has been collected through household surveys using structured questionnaires, focus groups and in-depth interviews of key personnel from local and international NGOs to seek the sensitivity of impacts and strategies used to address these impacts in the study area. This investigation is limited to four rural communities of union council Pilu of Nagarparkar district including Bheel, BhojaBhoon, Mohd Rahan Ji Dhani and Yaqub Ji Dhani villages. The results indicates that drought has caused significant economic and social hardships for the local communities as more than 60% of overall population is dependent on rainfall which has been disturbed by irregular rainfall patterns. Decline in Crop yields has forced local community to migrate to nearby areas in search of livelihood opportunities. Communities have not undertaken any appropriate actions minimize the adverse effect of drought; they are completely dependent on the support from government and external aid for survival. Respondents also reported that poverty is major cause of their vulnerability to drought. Increase in population, limited livelihood opportunities, caste system, lack of interest from government sector,
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unawareness shaped their vulnerability to drought and other social issues. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the local authorities shall create awareness about drought hazards and improve resilience of communities against drought. It is further suggested to develop, introduce and implement water harvesting practices at community level to promote drought resistant crops.
