Integration Impact of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources on the Power Quality of a Generic IEEE 24 Bus System /

Abstract

The penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system has increased around the globe. This increased penetration is to address the issues of global warming, increased energy demand, reduction of non-renewable energy sources, more pollution and dependence on thermal and coal-based power plants. In recent years, the technologies required for the rectification of these problems has received a lot of attention. Solar and wind are the most used and important renewable energy sources and can be installed at different levels of voltage in the power grid to manage the increasing demand for electricity. The stochastic and intermittent nature of these energy sources has an enormous impact on the voltage, frequency, and short circuit level of the system. So, it is important to analyze these impacts to maximize the reliability and efficiency of the power output from these energy sources. This research study presents the impact of penetration of distributed renewable energy sources particularly wind on the power quality of a generic IEEE 24 bus system. The modelling of distributed wind generators is performed on Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) software. The load flow analysis of the system is performed to find the magnitude of voltage and angle on each bus. The short circuit analysis is implemented, and three phase fault is created to identify the buses having highest and lowest short circuit current. Then the dynamic analysis of the system is executed using the standard dynamic models of hydel, thermal and wind generators. The comparison between the variations in the voltage, frequency, and short circuit current of the system because of the fault created at different buses in IEEE-24 grid before and after the increased integration of wind generators is demonstrated and the impacts are observed. The simulation results show that the short circuit current of the system rises with the increase in the wind penetration level. The voltage of the system drops to zero at the time of fault and then the system restores the voltages but with a rise in voltage as compared to without wind generators. The frequency of the system drops with the increasing penetration level of wind. The results show that penetration of wind above 40MW which is more than 1.5 times of the load on bus 4 integrated with wind generators without any compensating devices makes the system unstable.