Development and Validation of Shear Wave Velocity (Vs30) Map of Pakistan using the Slope-Derived Method

Abstract

Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJ&K) is among the most earthquake-prone regions of the world. The 2005 Muzaffarabad earthquake (𝑴𝒘 7.6) resulted in a massive destruction of the infrastructural facilities along with significant social loss. In order to develop effective strategies to reduce the social, environmental and economic losses from future destructive earthquakes, it is important to first assess the level of earthquake preparedness at household level in this region. Several studies have indicated that the level of seismic risk perception among a community may significantly influence their willingness to take preparedness measures. Some of the previous studies suggest that physical vulnerability and potential losses are highly associated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate a potential association between perceived risk and earthquake preparedness at household level in urban, peri-urban and rural area of Rawalakot – a district located in AJ&K. Physical vulnerability data was collected using Rapid visual screening techniques. Based on the Yamane method, 400 samples from urban, peri-urban, and rural study areas were collected using random sampling. Primary data was collected from face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. An index-based approach was used to find risk perception and preparedness indices. Risk perception was measured using fear, awareness, trust and attitude indicators. Descriptive statistics and a linear regression model were used to find the significant variance and relationship between risk perception and preparedness. The results revealed that risk perception is significantly influenced by fear of future earthquakes, expected breakdown of supplies, and expected damage of the houses. The study also found that risk perception and its various dimensions influence the earthquake preparedness. The relevant authorities can use the findings of this study to design comprehensive risk awareness and preparedness program at the household level. and socio-economic conditions of people.