Organic amendments and ammonium sulphate impact on nitrogen fixation and flavonoids in Arachis hypogaea

Abstract

Legume plants have an additional ability to form associations ranging from largely nonspecific to very specific interactions. Within the nodules i.e. the new organs developed in host plants, selective rhizobial colonization is lead by a complex signal exchange. However, these complex signals and nodulation mechanism is highly specific as it involves several Nod inducing gene families. These genes are involved in several stages of biological nitrogen fixation which includes flavonoids exudation from roots and perception on rhizobacteria, phosphorylation cascade of protein kinases, node genes expression in rhizobacteria, node proteins causing root hair curling and nodule formation. Here computational and bioinformatics analysis of Nod inducing genes performed so that to explore their potential functions in the Arachis hypogaea for the first time. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of 12 Nod inducing genes in Arachis hypogaea done followed by phylogenetic clustering analysis, gene structure determination, detection of conserved motifs, subcellular localization and conserved motifs based on a homology study of genes of some other legume plant. And finally, unraveled the potential involvement of these genes in nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation.. Results showed that the motifs are highly conserved and all the genes are full-length genes with upstream intronic regions. Thus study not only provides identification and characterization of genes underlying developmental and functional stages of nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation but also find application of ammonium sulphate in combination with biochar may prolong nitrogen availability as per plant demand. In the present study, application of ammonium sulphate with and without biochar found no significance results like in biomass production which suggests ammonium sulphate applied at 30kg per hectare is not environment friendly approach. Besides, identification and structural analysis of these genes in Arachis hypogaea may provide a theoretical basis for the study of evolutionary relationships in future analysis.