Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of active components and potential targets of Tracyspermum Ammi in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder of joints typical in women and elderly people and effect 0.5% - 1% of world‟s population. Several genetic such as HLA genes locus and Key inflammatory process such as up and down regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukins, cytokines, rheumatoid factors result in RA progression. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were used to treat rheumatoid arthritis but due to their adverse side effects treatment were shift from allopathy to herbal medicine because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The medicinal plant under study is Tracyspermum ammi (Ajwain). Phytochemical analysis was done on aqueous and methanolic extracts of T.ammi to check the medicinal components present in extracts which were future confirmed by phenolic and flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity of T.ammi were verified by DPPH assay and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Anti inflammatory activity was assessed by Albumin denaturation assay and Collagen induced arthritic (CIA) mice model. Toxicity evaluation was done by enegide method. Based on these activities bioactive compounds were shortlisted by GCMS library that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Pharmacological parameters of compounds related to drug design can be obtained by ADMET predictor. Target of Rheumatoid arthritis and compounds were predicted by Therapeutic target database (TTD), Comparative Toxicogenomics database (CTD), Swisstarget prediction and target hunter and their interactions were established using string and Cytoscape. By enrichment analysis pathological conditions and Common targets of rheumatoid arthritis and compounds can be predicted. Docking revealed that how much these compounds of T.ammi helps in reducing rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis