Abstract:
With the passage of time, natural gas has emerged as a clean and efficient
alternative to traditional fuels like coal, diesel and furnace oil. This demand requirement
has fueled Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), an energy intensive product and converted to
cryogenic liquid at a temperature of -162.3˚C, reducing the volume by 600 times. With
domestic resource depletion and rising demand of natural gas has pushed Pakistan to import
LNG. Pakistan being a new entrant to LNG market relies on costly offshore FSRU
(Floating Storage and Regasification unit), without any study underlining the other LNG
regasification alternative available and the likely environmental variables impacting the
regasification processes. In order so, this study is focused on techno-economic evaluation
R-LNG processes. For this study, the various utilities like the seawater, ambient air, waste
heat integration, hybrid modules and various others. Moreover, various structural
configurations like Open Rack Vaporizer (ORV), Intermediate Fluid Vaporizer (IFV)
variant and submersible combustion vaporizer (SCV) are also a point of focus. Moreover,
the modelling and simulations for the respective regasification Techniques employed
PRSV equation of state complimented by physical heat transfer laws and equations. In all
this, environmental parameter underlined the choice of onshore integrated system utilizing.
Moreover, the climatic considerations and temperature impacted the process efficiency,
resultantly leading to failures and environmental costs. To this, NG as a fuel demonstrated
high operational efficiency unaffected by the environmental parameters. While the
integrated systems along with novel IFV are phenomenal in efficiencies and little
productivity losses. Lastly, the operational and capital cost underlined that IFV system
along with higher efficiencies is the best alternative
