Abstract:
Pakistan's electricity relies so much on foreign fuels. This is affecting negatively on the
country's social and economic growth. since the inception of the last two decades,
forcing utility operators to suffer periodic power outages. We faced energy transmission
issues such as our generation of energy is higher as compared to the energy demand
(because of the old inadequate transmission system it's difficult to transfer more energy
on the existing transmission lines) that’s why we tried to implement renewable energy
resources on the Distribution side for mitigation of this transmission and environmental
issues. In this regard, the use of Diesel Generators (DG) has always been preferred as an
alternative because they are readily available for balancing the load, even though they
have a higher Cost of Energy (COE). Due to Green House Gas (GHG) emissions,
backup power generation based on DG has an adverse impact on the environment. So, it
is the need to design a system that can generate electrical power by using more
renewable energy and less DG and fossil fuels. Renewable energy has the ability to cope
with energy crises, and it is now being implemented worldwide. This study addresses
the energy crisis of the grid-connected site of the National University of Science and
Technology, Islamabad. The research is conducted by using available solar and fossil
fuel resources in addition to Generators (DG). For simulation purposes, the potential
demand is validated, and available resources are identified. The system with multiple
combinations of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) is anticipated to simulate with
a Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER). Optimization and
size considering technical and economic factors, which include Net Present Cost (NPC)
and Cost of Energy (COE), and power generation rooftop PV are tackled using
HOMER. Different cases are considered to investigate the most efficient and optimum
micro-grid option. After all possible cases, we analyze which is a possible best hybrid
system which comes out to be the most feasible and cost-effective solution for Total Net
Present Cost (TNPC) & Cost of Energy (COE) with reduced emissions and saving of the
fuel. These cases will be implemented on both grid-tie and Islanded Distributed
generators.
