IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS (NDCs) 2021 OF PAKISTAN

Abstract

Pakistan is a signatory to the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. As part of the agreement, Pakistan submitted its first NDCs in 2016, and has recently updated its targets for 2021. Pakistan's updated NDCs aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% below business-asusual levels by 2030, with a target of achieving 60% of electricity generation from renewable energy sources by 2030. To achieve these targets, Pakistan has identified a number of mitigation and adaptation measures in various sectors such as energy, transport, industry, agriculture, and forestry. However, the implementation of these targets faces significant challenges. Pakistan is a developing country and faces economic constraints, which limit its ability to invest in new technologies and infrastructure. Moreover, Pakistan is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as floods, droughts, and heat waves, which pose significant challenges for its adaptation efforts.