Abstract:
Extreme consumption of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in agriculture have risen the environmental concerns to life-threatening level. Expensive, prolonged and labor requiring conventional methods for OPs detections have been reintegrated through the use of simplified detection techniques
biosensors, electrochemical sensors and immunosensors. O, S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate, a simulant of the V series nerve agent is an organophosphate insecticide. Cumulative exposure to O, S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate (acephate) either through skin or by inhalation causes damage to living entities. Functionalized hybrids of Graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and pristine graphene with tetraphenylporphyrin and Zn-tetraphenylporphyrin have been synthesized. Graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were synthesized by exfoliation, Hummers’ method and using hydrazine hydrate respectively. GO-TPP, rGO-TPP, PG-TPP, GO-ZnTPP, rGO-ZnTPP and PG-ZnTPP non-covalently functionalized hybrids have been applied for detection of acephate. The (GO, rGO, PG, TPP, ZnTPP and hybrids) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), atomic force microscopy (AFM), EDS and FT-IR. Among substrates (GO, rGO and PG), GO has shown 6 % and 19 % efficiency on Au and Cu-substrates, respectively. Reduced graphene oxide has shown 15 % and 19 % efficiency on Au and SnO2 substrates respectively whereas, PG has shown efficiency of 4 % on Cu-substrate. GO-ZnTPP, rGO-ZnTPP and PG-ZnTPP have shown 20 %, 32 % and 8 % efficiencies on Cu-substrate respectively.
