Optimizing Optoelectronic Properties of Perovskite Absorber Material via Ambient Compositional Engineering with Potassium (K) and Tin (Sn) /

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have proved to be an ideal candidate for next-generation photovoltaic technology because of their exceptional light-harvesting properties and cost effectiveness. Perovskite absorber layer as a heart of the PV cells plays a vital role in determining the overall efficiency of these solar cells but lead toxicity and Sn oxidation are a major hurdle in the way. In this study, we focus on exploring the potential of mixed cation i.e., Sn-Pb based perovskite absorber layers, which have shown significant progress in recent research. Through systematic experimentation, we investigated the influence of doping potassium (K) and tin (Sn) in the A and B sites of MAPbI3, respectively, to reduce Sn vacancies and increase the light absorption and film stability. The bandgap bowing has been achieved by successfully incorporating K and Sn in the lattice, enhancing the light absorption capability. Moreover, we used Sn powder as an additive to investigate its role in enhancing the stability of perovskite films. The addition of Sn powder led to a more uniform and high quality perovskite film, with improved optoelectronic properties. Our research carefully analyzed the role of Sn-Pb based perovskite absorber layers and demonstrates the potential of potassium and tin doping in further improving the performance of perovskite solar cells. The results gathered from this research attempts to advance perovskite technology, opening the way for more efficient and sustainable solar energy harvesting devices.