Quantum Walks of Two Entangled Photons

Abstract

The quantum walk serves as the quantum counterpart to the classical random walk. This study delves into the exploration of quantum walks using two entangled photons and linear optical elements. Through analysis of various quantum states, including entangled and separable states, the study aims to comprehend the quantum random walk phenomenon. The research uncovers a substantial dependency of the probabil ity of two-photon detection on the quantum nature of their states. Probabilities are calculated using the coined discrete-time quantum walk method, complemented by simulations. The findings hold significant implications for quantum computers, lever aging entangled bits to accelerate information processing. Additionally, applications such as super dense coding, quantum algorithms, teleportation and secure quantum key distribution stand to benefit from the insights gained.