Abstract:
This study investigates the impact of increased renewable penetration in distributed
grids and its impact on the Grid parameters, this includes the frequency, voltage, and power variation. The study sets standards for weak and strong grids using previous literature and experimentally verifies the performance of inverters in weak grid and strong grids, we analyze the above-stated parameters in both cases with the two inverter models GFL and GRM. The GFL and GFM topology is explained, their key differences control and how their topology is designed for maximum performance. The correlation of grid inertia and SG instability is also highlighted displaying how lower inertia can cause ramping-up instability, Voltage swings, and loss of synchronization. The most important analysis is the relationship between BS and grid inertia. How GFL inverter PID control variables can mimic VSC. The inertia effect of BS and different grid penetration levels showing a correlation between BS and GFM control block. Using a mechanical technique to evaluate Grid inertia and then mathematically deriving and calculating it through BS and controller parameters. We evaluate and derive and expression from the Swing equation of SG and model its parameters to calculate the inertia provided by electrical load and its variation. Using this formula, we back tacked its referred parameters to Battery design. Showing that even a small appropriately designed battery can provide enough power to sustain grid inertia. The system-wide study of GFL and GRM inverter shows how the inverter topology can beneficially affect the grid if introduced properly and hard it if left unregulated.
