Abstract:
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) reports mention that Pakistan will be facing its worst water draughts by the year 2025 and is a third most water stressed country in the world already. Urbanization, rapid population growth, and the continuous industrial expansion have placed colossal pressure on water resources of the country. The drawn out droughts and minimal development of supplemental water resources have further aggravated the water insufficiency situation. Pakistan has the amplitude availability of ground and surface water resources (128300 mil m3 and 50579 mil m3 per year respectively). In consequence per capita availability of water has reduced from 5600 m3 to 1000 m3 per annum. In the recent years there has been a huge drop in underground water level due to fast population growth and its urbanization. The water shortage in the capital city of Pakistan is aggravating in the summers as the water level in both Simly and Khanpur dams has not risen. The city requires 110 million gallons daily and that the civic agency has been providing 56 MGD. To minimize water consumption, the developed countries are adapting to green building technologies. Idea of green building is uncommon between masses and the use of grey water is near to none in the city of Islamabad. People avoid upfront costs when constructing their houses and installing utilities for the building. Identifying the clean water loss occurred due to conventional water flow system used in the residential buildings will enable us to find out how water consumption can be minimized with the use of improved plumbing techniques.
