Evaluation of Antibacterial, Biofilm Inhibition, Antioxidant Activity and Qualitative Phytochemical Screening of Lantana camara Leaf Extract

Abstract

The advent of microorganisms that are resistant to several drugs has consequences for the entire world and endangers human health. In the present study medicinal plant Lantana camara has been used. The maceration extraction method was used to produce extracts utilizing three different solvents: water, 70% methanol, and 100% ethanol. These extracts were then evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, their performance in biofilm assays against four pathogenic bacterial species, and qualitative phytochemical analysis. The agar well diffusion assay was used to measure the extracts' antimicrobial activity. The highest yield was obtained in 70% methanol extract while lowest in ethanol extract. The bacteria selected for the study were Staphylococcus aureus, uropathogen Escherichia coli (UPEC), Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). 70% Methanol extract was effective against 3 three bacterial strains ethanol and aqueous extract did not showed effect against bacterial strains. 70% Methanol extract was further evaluated for % biofilm formation inhibition against these 3 bacterial strains at their MIC against which it showed antibacterial activity and it showed biofilm inhibition. The ethanol extract had the most antioxidant activity, while the aqueous extract had the lowest, according to research on the antioxidant activity of methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts. Numerous phytochemicals with therapeutic potential were found by GC-MS analysis after preliminary phytochemical testing revealed the existence of a variety of phytochemicals. Our knowledge of plant extracts' antibacterial properties and prospective uses in the management of bacterial illnesses is improved by this work. To speed up medication development, it is crucial to locate and isolate the specific chemicals in plant leaf extracts that are responsible for this antibacterial activity.