Dual Solutions of Water Based SWCNTs and MWCNTs along a Stretching/ Shrinking Surface

Abstract

Reverse flow is a highly intricate phenomenon in fluid dynamics, occurring due to multiple factors. Flow separation from the boundary layer is one of the causes, resulting from the opposite direction of the moving surface’s velocity. Consequently, two distinct flow solutions may arise: one with an attached boundary layer and the other with a separated boundary layer. Present state of study is dedicated to construct a numerical simulation of nanofluid for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with suction effect along 3-D bidirectional stretching/shrinking sheet. Radiation effect are incorporated in energy equation with the uniform surface heat. Single and Multiple wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) are considered that described the two distinct shapes of nanoparticle’s structure with water serving as the base fluid. The system of nonlinear equations are tackled through strong builtin computational method that described by bvp4c in MATLAB to develop the duality of solutions for constructed mathematical model. Simulations are performed based upon each parameter that are involved in the system. According to the entire analysis it is found that region of the duality is produced within the range −3.5 ≤ λ(stretching/shrinking) ≤ −1.5. The results of the boundary layer are presented for different and low concentration quantities of defined carbon nanoparticles. Skinfriction and Nusselt number are plotted to determined the friction of fluid along the surface and heat transfer rate at the surfaces simultaneously. iv