Energy, Economic, And Environment (3E) Analysis of Green Hydrogen Production /

Abstract

Transitioning to renewable energy is crucial for achieving a net-zero emissions target by 2050. Low-emission technologies like hydrogen, ammonia, and hydrogen-based fuels show significant potential in decarbonizing hard-to-abate emission industries such as heavy industry, refineries, chemicals, and long-distance transport. Green ammonia, produced from intermittent renewable sources like solar PV or wind through water electrolysis, can serve as a versatile hydrogen carrier, energy vector, shipping fuel, or decarbonized fertilizer. This research presents a comprehensive techno-economic and emission analysis of green hydrogen production in Pakistan, comparing traditional hydrogen production methods like Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) with a proposed green hydrogen production scenario powered by Renewable Energy Resources (RESs). The energy generated from renewable sources and the produced hydrogen were calculated using an analytical model. Additionally, a parametric analysis was conducted to assess the impact of variances in several parameters on the project’s profitability. The LCOH was found to be USD 5.16 per kg H2, with electricity and capital costs significantly influencing the overall costs of renewable hydrogen. Notably, water electrolysis demonstrated significant CO2 emissions reduction compared to Coal Gasification and SMR. The study underscores the potential of green hydrogen and ammonia in decarbonizing hard-to-abate emission industries and emphasizes the role of policy recommendations in advancing green hydrogen production in Pakistan. The research findings are pivotal in addressing climate change, achieving decarbonization, fostering a green economy, and promoting sustainable development in the country.