Investigating the preventive impact of Indigenous Probiotics along with Quercetin on AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's Disease rat model

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common progressive neurodegenerative illness in older individuals, is characterized by declining cognitive ability. Cognitive decline and memory loss are two of the first pathological signs of Alzheimer's disease by many factors including oxidative brain damage. Several studies have reported improvement in memory and cognition impairment by the consumption of high doses of Limosilactobacillus strains and phytochemicals like Quercetin. Through promoting the growth of the HPA axis and the manufacture of neuromodulators such antioxidant enzymes, GABA, SCFAs, serotonin, and BDNF, the gut microbiota influences the gut-brain axis. The current study's objective is to investigate the preventive effect of potential probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus fermentum Y55, FM6 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Y59(1.5x109 CFU) and Quercetin (25mg/kg) in combination on AlCl3- induced Alzheimer rat models. Rats were assigned to five distinct groups at random (n = 6). Using a variety of behavioral tests, including the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), New Object Recognition (NOR), Y-maze, and Morris Water Maze, researchers investigated the impact of this combination on anxiety and memory (MWM) to determine whether recovery plays a part in preventing Al's neurotoxic effects. Male rats were exposed to defined probiotic strains and in combination with quercetin for 75 days before inducing Alzheimer to check the preventive effect of probiotics and polyphenol combination. Then male rats were exposed to AlCl3 toxicity to induce Alzheimer for 75 days. After completion of treatment their learning and memory was tested using Elevated Plus Maze, Novel object recognition test, y maze test and Morris water test paradigms and collated with the controls. To assess the anxiety, an elevate plus maze test was performed. The animals from treated and their controls were euthanized and dissected after the behavioral tests and the brains were removed to extract hippocampus for further histological analysis. The results unfolded those rats treated with probiotic and polyphenol combination had exhibited significantly improved working, reference memory, recognition and spatial memory with reduced anxious behaviors. Histologically, this combination has improved the normal architecture of the brain hippocampus in TPQ group. H & E staining showed that TPQ group had normal morphological features with proper round and intact cell bodies as compared to DC group. To cap it all, this study demonstrates that animals exposed Limosilactobacillus fermentum Y55, FM6 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Y59 and quercetin together show marked improvement in their cognitive functions and memory and improves the morphology of the main targeted parts of brain that is hippocampus.