Design of an Assistive Technology for Post-Implant Knee Surgeries: A Systems Thinking Approach

Abstract

This study investigates the high failure rates of knee implant surgeries at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad by analyzing the complexities of factors influencing surgical outcomes. The research aims to improve patient recovery and surgical success. This multifaceted approach combines systems thinking, the development of a patient-centered Model of Care (MoC), and the design of an assistive technology for post-operative rehabilitation. The research introduces an innovative model that addresses inconsistencies in previous studies and emphasizes the importance of context-specific determinants. Building upon this analysis, a tailored MoC is presented, adapting an established framework to the Pakistani healthcare context. This patient-centric MoC promotes standardized care across diverse settings, focusing on patient education, surgical expertise, and adherence to post-surgical rehabilitation protocols. Furthermore, the research presents the design of a novel assistive device equipped with an ESP32 microcontroller to enhance post-operative rehabilitation. This device stands out for its affordability, being 7.5 times cheaper than the cheapest wearable sensor technology currently available. Additionally, it boasts high technological feasibility as all its components are readily available in Pakistan. The device offers functionalities comparable to expensive and complex rehabilitation technologies. It monitors ROM (range of motion), provides feedback during exercise routines, and integrates with ThingsBoard.io for data visualization. The design holds promise for future integration of machine learning algorithms, potentially improving post-operative care through predictive analytics. In conclusion, this research offers a unique and comprehensive strategy to address the critical issue of high failure rates in knee implant surgeries. By combining systems thinking, a patient-centered MoC, and the design of a highly affordable and technologically feasible assistive technology, the research has the potential to reduce the burden on healthcare systems, enhance patient well-being, and serve as a foundation for a nationwide orthopedic rehabilitation solution that is cost-effective and widely accessible in Pakistan.