Design of 4x4 Nolen Matrix For Multibean Application

Abstract

Multi-beam technology has become essential recently because of the growing demand for high-speed and reliable wireless communication in various applications such as 5G wireless communication, GPS finding, and Radars. Compared to existing beamforming techniques such as Butler or Blass Matrix, the Nolen matrix offers advantages such as greater design flexibility, reduced complexity and cost, low profile, and ease of fabrication. These benefits make the Nolen matrix a promising alternative for applications that demand advanced and cost-effective beamforming solutions. The Nolen matrix in this project was designed using unequal branch-line couplers and phase shifters at 5GHz. The unequal branch line couplers enabled the generation of unequal power levels in each element of the matrix, while the phase shifters allowed for the precise control of the phase of each component. This approach allowed for the creation of multiple beams with high directivity. The Nolen matrix was designed in ADS software and fabricated using microstrip transmission line technology.