Abstract:
Distribution firms in poor countries with limited resources must prepare for the
unpredictable growth paths of electric vehicles (EVs) and solar photovoltaic units (PVs),
which are gaining traction at random rates. Given the technical and financial fragility of
Pakistan's power distribution industry, this study offers a framework for recommended
policies that would prevent distribution businesses from being unnecessarily burdened or
the grid from deteriorating. Based on a study of everyday commuters, the EV load model
takes into account the times at which EVs arrive and depart. The sampled data of actual
PVs installed across Pakistan, the Burr distribution method fits best and is applied to choose
for PV sizes selection for grid integration. The integration of EVs and PVs is done by
stochastically choosing network nodes to imitate their locational growth. Afterward, both
parameters i.e., financial and technical are assessed including and excluding the net metering phenomena. If net-metering is restricted, voltage limit conformity increases from
88% to 94% at peak hour of PV with greater PV integration of 50%. The findings indicate
that overall revenue over the year rises as EV penetration rises and consistently stays
positive even when there is no PV. Nevertheless, even a 25% penetration rate of PV and
the resulting net revenues as negative shows overall revenue, regardless of the level of EV
penetration. The analysis comes to the conclusion that while EV integration might lessen
both effects, high penetration of PV including net metering results in instability of voltage
and negatively increasing net revenues.
