Practical Handbook of Grouting

Abstract

When I entered grouting in 1952, it was a generally undeveloped art with most of the players professing magical powers. Work was performed on a somewhat hit or miss basis with results that varied from excellent to complete failure. Little equipment specifically built for grouting was available, and most work was accomplished with simple water-cement suspensions, typically based on high watercement ratios subject to large bleed, shrinkage, and poor durability. Fortunately, that has all changed. Although we still have players that profess magical powers, grouting has become well-established science, and work today can be designed and performed according to sound engineering principles with a good understanding of the processes that occur. To cover all pertinent subject matter and facilitate its review, the handbook is divided into three parts. Part I discusses the grouting process in a general way and should be of interest to all readers. Here, the many conditions for which grouting can be a solution are described, as are both grouting materials and injection fundamentals. The five general types of grouting—permeation, compaction, fracture, replacement, and fill—are discussed as is the pertinent methodology for the main applications of grouting, in rock, soil, and into concrete and masonry structures. Separate chapters discuss specialized applications such as Grout Jacking, Grouting in Pipes and Conduits, Leakage Control in Structures, Grouting of Underground Structures, and Grouting in Extreme Environments. Following a discussion of the very specialized but seldom used application of Use of Explosives in Grouting, the section ends with a discussion of Emergency Response Grouting. Part II will be of particular interest to designers, engineers, and those responsible for quality control, although the material presented should be useful to all grouting participants. This part discusses the criteria upon which a grouting program should be based. Design issues including required surface and subsurface investigation are covered, as are monitoring and control of the actual work. Included are the numerous activities that ensure proper performance, including chapters on Understanding Geology, design and specification of grouting, quality control and verification, and Numeric Analysis for Grouting. This part ends with discussion relative to the preparation of contract documents, pay items, and The Games Con