Safety and efficacy evaluation of Biosynthesized Nanoparticles

Abstract

Extensive utilization of silver nanoparticles have raised concerns of their effects on biological systems. Silver nanoparticles often showing great antimicrobial potential often cannot pass the safety because of their unknown toxicity profile. Nanoparticles synthesized from biological source have additive advantage over chemical source owing to reduction in cytotoxicity. Various synthesis approaches have been developed for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles used for specific application. In vivo assessment hence plays a key role to unveil their effects and interaction with biological system. Current study is designed to compare already biosynthesized nanoparticles for their efficacy and safety profile and screen out the nanoparticles showing highest efficacy profile. Violacein capped silver nanoparticles (VNPs), Starch capped silver nanoparticles (CNPs), Aerva javanica silver nanoparticles (AjNPs), Heliotropium crispum silver nanoparticles (HcNPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnNPs) were used for this study. The radical scavenging potential of these five nanoparticles were analyzed through H2O2 radical scavenging assay which showed the concentration dependent scavenging activity of nanoparticles. This was followed by the evaluation of their safety profile by performing MTT assay. Histological analysis of these nanoparticles were done through H&E staining to assess the morphological changes in liver, spleen and kidney of the balb/c mice (n=100). Doses ranging from 3mg/kg to 24 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally on daily basis for 28 days and effects were monitored. VNPs showed highest mortality and morbidity rate along with tissue damage as compared to rest of nanoparticles. The in vivo activity of these nanoparticles were studied in balb/c mice (n=40) with an infected partial thickness burn (2nd degree). The burned area was seeded with CFUs of 2x108 of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AjNPs along with HcNPs were Abstract xiv screened to pass these experiments and found out to be more efficacious and safe for their use as antimicrobials and disinfectants.