Abstract:
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of potential rainwater harvesting sites within
the Lower Indus Basin, specifically focusing on the Guddu-Sukkur region. Utilizing a
Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the study
integrates parameters such as land use, geology, rainfall, drainage density, slope, and
groundwater storage change to identify optimal locations for rainwater harvesting. The
total watershed area under investigation spans 12,381 sq. km, with average annual rainfall
data sourced from 16 meteorological stations. The analysis reveals that 809 sq. km are
highly suitable for rainwater harvesting, with nine specific locations identified for detailed
hydrologic modeling. The Watershed Modeling System (WMS) and Hydrologic
Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) were employed to
simulate hydrological scenarios, including a 100-year design storm (193.02 mm) and
average annual rainfall (124.85 mm), to design hydraulic structures and estimate potential
water volumes. The integration of GRACE and TerraClimate data through Google Earth
Engine provided critical insights into groundwater storage and annual changes, essential
for sustainable water resource management. The study emphasizes the importance of a
multi-disciplinary approach, combining advanced analytical techniques with industry
expertise, to ensure the effective implementation of rainwater harvesting systems. Future
recommendations include long-term monitoring, integration of climate change projections,
socio-economic impact assessments, advanced hydrological modeling techniques,
strengthening policy frameworks, and establishing pilot projects. This research provides a
strong framework for enhancing water resource management in arid and semi-arid regions,
contributing to the sustainability and resilience of water systems.
