Design of a Ku Band Monopulse Comparator using ESIW for Tracking Radars

Abstract

This is a research work that puts forward the design and development of a Ku Band Monopulse Comparator utilizing ESIW technology into radar tracking applications. Being introduced into radar systems, it gives off several significant profile and performance benefits thereby ensuring a reliable solution for the modern application of radar. The foremost purpose of this study is to provide an improved monopulse comparator system to lift the accuracy and reliability of the tracking radar. All encompassing background is provided to the paper techniques and principles of ESIW technology, before the work proceeds to theoretically design and simulate a Ku band monopulse comparator during the design phase careful optimization is done for assured minimal levels of insertion loss, high isolation between channels, and acutely selective phase and amplitude characteristics to ensure target detection and tracking. The proposed comparator network consist of two primary components that are the 90° phase shifter and the 90° hybrid coupler. These above should both be broadband so that wideband performance can be realized from the comparator. The measured results compare quite closely with the simulated results. The simulated insertion loss is 6.5 dB with return loss and isolation greater than 15.25 dB and null depth of 42 dB over the frequency range 13-16 GHz. Results show that ESIW-based design is indeed more effective as it showcases great advancement in acquisition and tracking accuracy by the target, thereby marking a technological change in radar systems because of ESIW technology. Undoubtedly, the work would contribute to the development of a high-performance, compact, and efficient monopulse comparator design in tracking radar technology. This would open up further innovation, highlighting the significance of ESIW technology as that makes revolutionary change for radar systems.