Callen's ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology (6th edition - 2016)

Norton, Mary E. (author); Scoutt, Leslie M. (author); Feldstein, Vickie A. (author); Callen, Peter W. (author)

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Callen's ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology (6th edition - 2016)

Norton, Mary E. (author); Scoutt, Leslie M. (author); Feldstein, Vickie A. (author); Callen, Peter W. (author)

URI: http://10.250.8.41:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/48709

Date: 2016

Abstract:

Callen's Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology (6th Edition, 2016) is a comprehensive guide to the use of ultrasound technology in obstetric and gynecologic practice. The textbook offers detailed insights into the principles, techniques, and clinical applications of ultrasound in diagnosing and managing conditions in both obstetrics and gynecology. It covers the basic physics of ultrasound, different imaging modalities, and the latest advancements in ultrasound technology. The book delves into the use of ultrasound in various areas such as fetal development, prenatal screening, monitoring of high-risk pregnancies, and evaluation of fetal anomalies. In gynecology, it discusses the role of ultrasound in diagnosing conditions such as ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, endometrial pathology, and pelvic masses. The 6th edition incorporates updated guidelines, new clinical techniques, and advancements in imaging quality, while providing high-resolution images and case examples to illustrate common and rare conditions. Additionally, it addresses emerging technologies like 3D and 4D ultrasonography. The book is designed for both practitioners and trainees, offering a thorough resource for learning and mastering ultrasound in clinical practice. It combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications, making it a key reference for obstetricians, gynecologists, radiologists, and medical professionals involved in women's health imaging.

Description:

xvi, 1252 pages : illustrations , 26 cm || Includes bibliographical references and index. || CONTENTS: Cover image -- Title Page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contributors -- Preface -- Video Contents -- Ultrasound of the Early First Trimester -- Sonographic Evaluation of the Fetal Heart -- Antepartum Fetal Surveillance and the Role of Ultrasound -- Ultrasound and Fetal Procedures -- Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fallopian Tube -- Gynecologic Ultrasound in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient -- Section I Obstetrics -- 1 Obstetric Ultrasound Examination -- Safety of Ultrasound Examination -- Indications for Obstetric Ultrasound Examination -- The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Guidelines -- Ultrasound Equipment and Documentation -- The First Trimester Ultrasound Examination -- The Second and Third Trimester Ultrasound Examinations -- Verbiage Used in the AIUM/ACR/ACOG Guidelines -- Interpretation of the Ultrasound Examination -- California Civil Jury Instructions (CACI) -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Genetics and Prenatal Genetic Testing -- Genetics and Birth Defects -- Developmental Disorders: Causes, Mechanisms, and Patterns -- Chromosomal Defects -- Single Gene Disorders -- Teratology -- Genetic Counseling -- Genetic Screening in Pregnancy -- First Trimester Risk Assessment -- Second Trimester Risk Assessment -- Combined First and Second Trimester Risk Assessment -- Prenatal Screening in Multiple Gestations -- Third-Trimester Pregnancy Complications after Abnormal Serum Screening -- Genetic Diagnosis in Pregnancy -- Prenatal Testing for Congenital Malformations -- References -- 3 Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Aneuploidy in the First and Second Trimesters -- Structural Abnormalities -- First Trimester Markers of Aneuploidy -- The Second Trimester Genetic Sonogram -- Second Trimester Sonographic Markers for Other Aneuploidies -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Ultrasound of the Early First Trimester -- Normal Transvaginal Sonographic Findings in the Early First Trimester -- Confirmation or Exclusion of Intrauterine Pregnancy When No Yolk Sac or Embryo Is Seen -- Assignment of Gestational Age by Early First Trimester Ultrasound -- Diagnosis of Failed Intrauterine Pregnancy (Miscarriage) -- Risk Factors for Impending Pregnancy Failure When Embryonic Heartbeat Is Seen -- Assessment of Pregnancy Number -- References -- 5 Evaluation of Fetal Anatomy in the First Trimester -- Fetal Development in the First Trimester -- Normal Ultrasound Findings in the First Trimester -- Abnormal Ultrasound Findings in the First Trimester -- Limitations of First Trimester Fetal Anatomic Survey -- Detection Rates -- Cost Effectiveness -- Safety -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 Fetal Biometry and Growth -- Assignment of Gestational Age -- First Trimester Dating -- Second and Third Trimester Dating -- Fetal Weight Estimation and Weight Percentiles -- Abnormal Fetal Growth -- Fetal Anomalies Associated with Abnormal Biometry -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Ultrasound Evaluation in Multiple Gestations -- Embryology of Twins -- Pregnancy Dating -- Chorionicity -- Nuchal Translucency -- Anatomic Survey -- Placental Evaluation -- Cervical Length -- Fetal Growth Studies -- Serial Surveillance -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Ultrasound Evaluation of Normal Fetal Anatomy -- Superficial Anatomy of the Fetus -- Musculoskeletal System -- Cardiovascular System -- Gastrointestinal System -- Respiratory System -- Genitourinary System -- Central Nervous System -- References -- 9 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Central Nervous System -- Embryology -- Intracranial Cysts and Tumors -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Face and Neck -- Normal Sonographic Anatomy of the Fetal Face -- Craniofacial Anomalies -- Craniosynostosis -- Anomalies of the Neck -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Fetal Musculoskeletal System -- Development of the Fetal Skeleton -- Skeletal Dysplasias -- Osteochondrodysplasias -- Split Hand and Foot Deformities -- Ectrodactyly Ectodermal Dysplasia–Cleft Lip/Palate Syndrome -- Clubhand Deformities -- Clubfoot -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Thorax -- Embryology -- Key Features for Assessment -- Pulmonary Hypoplasia -- Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation -- Bronchogenic Cyst -- Bronchial Atresia -- Congenital Lobar Emphysema -- Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome -- Congenital Hydrothorax -- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia -- References -- 13 Sonographic Evaluation of the Fetal Heart -- Fetal Cardiovascular Physiology -- Ultrasound Equipment -- First and Early Second Trimester Fetal Cardiac Evaluation -- Second Trimester Fetal Cardiac Evaluation -- 3D and 4D Fetal Cardiac Evaluation -- Fetal Cardiovascular Disease -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdominal Wall -- Embryology -- Esophagus and Stomach -- Small Intestine -- Rectum -- Liver, Spleen, and Gallbladder -- Ascites -- Cysts -- Ventral Wall Defects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Fetal Genitourinary Tract -- Embryology -- Normal Fetal Urinary Tract -- Obstructive Urinary Tract Abnormalities -- Nonobstructive Fetal Urinary Tract Anomalies -- Dysplastic Kidneys -- Miscellaneous Cystic Renal Disorders (Table 15-8) -- Unclassified Renal Cystic Diseases -- Renal Tumors -- Nonobstructive Fetal Bladder Abnormalities -- Bilateral Single Ectopic Ureters -- Fetal Adrenal Glands -- Fetal Genital Anomalies -- Fetal Ovarian Cysts -- Hydrocolpos/Hydrometrocolpos -- References -- 16 Ultrasound Features of Fetal Syndromes -- Maternal Infections -- Teratogens -- Central Nervous System -- Cranium/Face -- Musculoskeletal System -- Thorax -- Heart -- Gastrointestinal System/Abdominal Wall -- Genitourinary Tract -- Abnormal Fetal Movement -- Fetal Overgrowth -- Fetal Growth Restriction -- Microdeletion Syndromes -- Metabolic Syndromes -- Other Malformations -- References -- 17 Evaluation of Hydrops Fetalis -- Background and Definition -- Incidence -- Immune Hydrops -- Nonimmune Hydrops -- Maternal Risks From Hydrops -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Gravid Cervix -- Ultrasound Examination Techniques -- Limitations and Pitfalls -- Clinical Applications -- Dynamic Changes (Spontaneous or after Transfundal Pressure) -- Normal versus Abnormal Cervical Length -- Best Gestational Age and Frequency of Examinations -- Populations -- Three-Dimensional Transvaginal Ultrasound Examination of the Cervix -- What Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Associate a Short Cervical Length with Preterm Birth? -- Clinical Use of Cervical Length for Prevention of Preterm Birth -- Conclusions -- References -- 19 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Placenta, Membranes, and Umbilical Cord -- Placental Development -- Abnormalities of Placental Shape and Thickness -- Abnormalities of Placental Location -- Placental Cord Insertion Abnormalities -- Morbidly Adherent Placenta—Placenta Accreta -- Vascular Abnormalities of the Placenta -- Chorioangioma -- Placental Membrane Abnormalities -- Umbilical Cord -- Summary -- References -- 20 Amniotic Fluid Volume in Fetal Health and Disease -- Amniotic Fluid Physiology and Dynamics -- Determination of Amniotic Fluid Volume -- Potential Difficulties in Amniotic Fluid Volume Estimation Using Ultrasound -- Normal Amniotic Fluid Volume in Singleton Pregnancies -- Amniotic Fluid Volume and Pregnancy Outcomes -- Assessment of Amniotic Fluid Volume in the High-Risk Patient -- Conclusions -- References -- 21 Antepartum Fetal Surveillance and the Role of Ultrasound -- Assessment of Fetal Movement -- Nonstress Test -- Contraction Stress Test -- Biophysical Profile -- Umbilical Artery Doppler Velocimetry -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Role of Doppler Sonography in Obstetrics -- Physical Principles -- Fetal Arterial Doppler -- Fetal Venous Doppler -- Fetal Cardiac Doppler -- Fetal Doppler and Fetal Growth Restriction -- References -- 23 Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Obstetrics -- Safety -- Technique -- Maternal Imaging -- Fetal Imaging -- Conclusions -- References -- 24 Role of Sonography in Fetal Procedures -- Open Maternal-Fetal Surgery -- Minimally Invasive Maternal-Fetal Surgery -- Ex Utero Intrapartum Therapy -- Conditions Amenable to Fetal Therapy -- Summary -- References -- 25 Obstetric Ultrasound Imaging and the Obese Patient -- References -- Section II Gynecology -- 26 Normal Anatomy of the Female Pelvis and Transvaginal Sonography -- Indications and Contraindications -- Protocols -- Patient and Probe Preparation -- Imaging Technique -- Pelvic Anatomy -- Vascular Anatomy -- The Uterus -- The Ovaries -- The Fallopian Tube -- The Urinary Bladder, Distal Ureters, and Urethra -- The Rectosigmoid Colon -- Conclusions -- References -- 27 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding -- Evolution of Endometrial Assessment -- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding -- Endometrial Pathology -- Summary -- References -- 28 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Uterus -- Imaging -- Congenital Malformations -- Benign Uterine Conditions -- Malignant Conditions -- Iatrogenic Processes -- Cervical Cysts and Polyps -- Conclusions -- References -- 29 Evaluation of Pelvic Pain in the Reproductive Age Patient -- Adnexal Causes of Pelvic Pain -- Uterine Causes of Pelvic Pain -- Vascular Causes of Pelvic Pain -- Nongynecologic Causes of Pelvic Pain -- Conclusions -- References -- 30 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Ovaries -- Normal and Inconsequential Findings -- Ovarian Cysts with Typical Benign Features -- Ovarian Cysts with Typical Malignant Features -- Ovarian Cysts with Indeterminate Features -- Solid Ovarian Masses -- Pitfalls in Evaluating the Ovary -- Ovarian Masses in Pregnancy -- Syndromes and Diseases Associated with Ovarian Neoplasms -- Summary -- References -- 31 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fallopian Tube -- Embryology and Normal Anatomy -- Sonographic Signs of Abnormal Fallopian Tubes -- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease -- Uncommon Tube Infections -- Hematosalpinx -- Tube Torsion -- Malignancy -- Evaluation of Tube Patency -- Summary -- References -- 32 Sonographic Imaging in Infertility and Assisted Reproduction -- Initial Evaluation -- Baseline Evaluation -- Treatment Monitoring -- Complications of Assisted Reproduction -- Conclusion -- References -- 33 Ectopic Pregnancy -- Epidemiology -- Risk Factors -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Diagnostic Tests -- Sonographic Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy -- Ectopic Pregnancies in Unusual Locations -- Chronic Ectopic Pregnancy -- Posthysterectomy Ectopic Pregnancy -- Heterotopic Pregnancies -- Management and Treatment Options -- Conclusion -- References -- 34 Gynecologic Sonography in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient -- Technique -- Normal Anatomy -- Normal Gonadal and Reproductive Tract Development -- Structural Anomalies of the Reproductive Tract -- Ambiguous Genitalia -- Prepubertal Bleeding -- Primary Amenorrhea -- Pelvic Pain -- Gynecologic Pelvic Masses -- Conclusion -- References -- 35 Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Urogynecology -- Pelvic Floor Anatomy and Function -- Risk Factors and Indications for Dynamic Pelvic Imaging -- Ultrasound Imaging -- Dynamic Pelvic Floor Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Summary and Future Direction -- References -- 36 Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Gynecologic Disorders -- Imaging Techniques -- Anatomy and Physiology -- Congenital Anomalies -- Leiomyomas -- Adenomyosis -- Endometriosis -- Cervical Cancer -- Endometrial Cancer -- Adnexal Masses -- Conclusion -- References -- 37 Role of Sonography in Gynecologic Interventions -- Endometrial Ablation -- Uterine Artery EMbolization -- Repair of Congenital Anomalies of the Uterus -- Guidance for Endometrial Interventions (Cervical Stenosis, Asherman Syndrome) -- Confirmation of Correct Essure Microinsert Placement for Tubal Sterilization -- Malpositioned Intrauterine Device -- Pelvic Biopsies and Drainages -- Conclusions -- References -- Section III Technical Considerations and Aberrations -- 38 Artifacts, Pitfalls, and Normal Variants -- References -- Technical Considerations -- Pelvis, Gravid and Nongravid Uterus -- The First Trimester -- The Fetal Head and Neck -- The Fetal Thorax -- The Fetal Abdomen -- Amniotic Fluid and Membranes -- The Fetal Skeleton -- Multiple Gestations -- Appendix A Measurements Frequently Used to Estimate Gestational Age and Fetal Biometry -- Appendix B Measurements Used in Assessing Fetal Weight, Growth, and Body Proportions -- Appendix C Measurements for Amniotic Fluid Assessment -- Appendix D Fetal Doppler Assessment (Noncardiac) -- Appendix E Doppler of the Middle Cerebral Artery to Assess Fetal Anemia -- Appendix F Fetal Cardiac Measurements and Doppler Assessment -- Appendix G Sonographic Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities -- Appendix H Medications and Reported Associated Malformations -- Appendix I Estimated Radiation Exposure to the Fetus During Radiographic Examinations -- Appendix J Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Female Pelvis: Representative Protocols* -- Index

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