Techno-Economic Analysis of using Ground-Source Heat Exchangers in Pakistan

Abstract

Ground-source Heat Exchangers (GHEs) are an energy-efficient heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) option, taking advantage of stable earth temperatures. Much research has been done on their applicability worldwide; however, limited literature is available for Pakistan. This thesis aims to provide a techno-economic insight on the application of GHEs in Pakistan; with the objective to investigate benefits accrued through adoption of this technology compared to air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) being used prevalently for HVAC needs of the country. Capacity Resistance Model (CaRM) in conjunction with GHETool has been used to model GHEs in different climate zones of Pakistan. Overall, GHEs in comparison with ASHPs show promising outlook, and better efficiency albeit at higher capital cost. Improved thermal performance outweighs initial cost effects with payback periods between 5-10 years and a system life of 20-25 years. Wider adoption of the technology is expected to mitigate higher initial cost and incentivization through government projects is envisaged to promote wider adoption of the technology to meet the ever-increasing HVAC needs.