Techno-Economic Analysis of Grid Connected Hybrid Indigenous Resources Based Energy System Across Various Climate Zones of Pakistan /

Abstract

This thesis proposes an integrated assessment approach for the deployment of renewable based microgrids, emphasizing the utilization of grid-connected indigenous resources across various climatic zones. The study evaluates the techno-economic viability of hybrid renewable energy systems, including PV-hydro and battery systems, to determine their potential for achieving sustainable development goals, specifically in rural and urban electrification. By focusing on five distinct climatic zones, the suggested technique calculates the lowest net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE), providing a comprehensive understanding of the economic efficiency of these systems. The framework model presented in this study aims to improve energy efficiency through optimal allocation methods, ensuring that resources are utilized in the most effective manner. Impact evaluations are conducted to assess how the implementation of energy projects can bolster the local economy, providing essential insights into the socio-economic benefits of renewable energy deployment. The paper also includes a comparison analysis, juxtaposing the proposed energy systems with traditional energy solutions to highlight cost and technical advantages. This analysis delves into the implications of undetermined parameters on NPC and LCOE, offering a nuanced perspective on the uncertainties and variabilities inherent in renewable energy projects. By addressing these factors, the study provides a robust foundation for policymakers and stakeholders to make informed decisions about the deployment of renewable-based microgrids. The study shows Hunza (GB) with the lowest LCOE at $0.038/kWh, a 54% reduction compared to Multan's$0.0863/kWh. Thar (Sindh) and Kharan (Balochistan) had LCOEs of $0.0526/kWh and $0.07058/kWh, 39% and 18% lower than Multan, respectively. Madyan (Swat) achieved a 45% reduction with an LCOE of $0.0477/kWh. Through this integrated assessment approach, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on renewable energy, providing practical solutions for enhancing energy access and efficiency. It highlights the need for tailored strategies that account for regional climatic conditions, ensuring that energy solutions are both contextually appropriate and economically feasible. The comprehensive nature of this study, encompassing techno-economic analysis, impact evaluation, and sensitivity analysis, offers a holistic view of the potential benefits and challenges associated with renewable-based microgrids. Ultimately, the paper advocates for the strategic deployment of these systems to achieve long-term sustainability goals, improve energy access, and stimulate local economic growth, paving the way for a more resilient and sustainable energy future.