Battery Management System

Abstract

Our final year project, Battery Management System, aims to enhance the performance and safety of lithium ion battery packs by implementing a comprehensive Battery Management System (BMS) for a 24V 14000mAh configuration. To achieve this, we focus on precise monitoring, protection, and balancing of individual cells, as well as estimating the state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) of the battery pack. The BMS utilizes integrated circuits, specifically the DW01AG and HY2213-B8A, to provide critical protection against overcharge, over-discharge, and overcurrent conditions. A combination of resistors, transistors, and capacitors is employed to ensure accurate voltage monitoring and control. Current-limiting resistors and PNP transistors are used for balancing and protection circuits, while capacitors filter stabilize the voltage supply. To monitor the voltage of each cell, the system continuously checks for any deviations from the safe operating range. If a cell exceeds these limits, the protection ICs (DW01AG) trigger the BJTs to disconnect the affected cell, thereby preventing potential damage. The charge controller ICs (HY2213-B8A) oversee the charging process, ensuring each cell is charged to the appropriate voltage and balanced across the battery pack by triggering MOSFET connected to a load resister. Additionally, BMS integrates algorithms to estimate the SoC and SoH of the battery cells. These algorithms analyze voltage, current, and temperature data to provide real-time insights into the remaining capacity and overall health of the battery pack. This information is displayed through a user-friendly interface, allowing users to monitor the battery's status effectively. BMS represents a comprehensive and robust solution for managing high-capacity lithium-ion batteries, making it suitable for applications in electric vehicles, renewable energy storage systems, and other high demand environments. By ensuring safe operation and providing detailed insights into battery performance, our BMS significantly improves the reliability and usability of lithium-ion battery packs.