i Effects of Methylphenidate and Bacillus clausii on Aβ (1-42) Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an irreparable age-related neurodegenerative disease, accounts for (60-70%) cases of dementia, globally. It is a multifactorial disease developed gradually, involving synaptic loss, amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation along with and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) leading to cognitive decline, neuro inflammation and oxidative stress etc. Besides the degenerative symptoms of AD, apathy is an emerging concern, which is loss of motivation or anxiety-like behaviors. People with apathy suffer from decreased daily functions and cognitive deficits. The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of methylphenidate (MPH) and probiotic Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) on cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in Aβ (1-42) -induced mice model of AD. Male Balb/c mice were used to develop the Aβ (1-42) -induced AD mouse model and were divided into ten groups (n=6). 5 groups were administered Aβ (1-42) (3μl) through stereotaxic surgery followed by the treatment with MPH (10 mg/kg, i.p), and B.clausii (2x109 CFU, oral). One of the groups was treated with a combination of both MPH and B. clausii. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate MPH and B. clausii effects on learning and spatial memory and anxiety- like behavior through a battery of behavioral analysis. Novelty Suppress feeding test was used to evaluate the anxiety-like behaviors. Post Aβ (1-42) – induction, substantial reduction in the anxiety-like behavior was observed in the MPH (263.2± 13.13) (p<0.001), B. clausii (265.7±13.44) (p<0.001) and MPH +B. clausii treatment groups (227.5± 14.44) (p<0.0001). Significant amelioration in learning and memory was observed in the MPH-treated (53.94 ± 2.60; p<0.001) and combination treatment group (p<0.001; 52.40 ± 2.52). Post Aβ (1-42) administration, assessed through novel object recognition test. Moreover, significant There is presently no therapy available that can hold the progress of neurodegenerative disorder. The present study investigated the comparative effects of MPH and B. clausii on Aβ (1-42) - induced AD mice model. The project designed to target molecular markers of MPH and B. clausii in multiple pathways involved in AD.