A Novel Technique for Optimizing the Placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) using Complex Network Theory /

Abstract

Power system stability, reliability and quality can be improved by monitoring and controlling the grid components in an effective way. A PMU is a sophisticated monitoring device that can measure the instantaneous voltage, instantaneous current, phase angle and frequency at specific locations on the grid and gives operators a near-real-time picture of what is happening on the system, and allows them to make decisions to prevent power outages. The only constraint in its world wide application is it high cost so an algorithm is developed to optimally place limited number of PMUs to completely observe the grid. Optimal PMU Placement (OPP) is NP-complete problem having multiple solutions; so an index is developed to rank the most critical nodes which are then used for the selection of best optimal solution. These algorithms are implemented using MATLAB. PV system is one of the main components of grid that is intermittent in nature causing the reliability, quality and efficiency of the system to decrease. In order to operate the PV panel at its maximum power point a device called MPPT is used. This in-turn improves the efficiency of PV panels and the overall efficiency of the system is improved. Open circuit voltage algorithm, and perturb and observe algorithm are the most common MPPT algorithms which are simulated in PSIM to implement maximum power point tracking.