Abstract:
Cyperaceae (Sedges) are third among monocots and seventh among angiosperms. It has
5500 species and 109 generas. Carex is largest genera with 2200 species. They are
found in variety of habitats. They can grow in marshes, swamps, around river banks, in
terrestrial and damp places. They are very important part of wetlands. Ecologically,
economically and ethnobotanically they are very important. Distinguishing characters
of this family members are, they have triangular and non-jointed stems, and terminal
inflorescence with bracts. Taxonomical studies of this family are very difficult because
of very tiny and complex inflorescence. Present study focuses on biosystematic analysis
of Carex canescens, Carex nubigena, Carex remota. Carex canescens was collected
from Lulusar lake and Carex nubigena, Carex remota were collected from Ayubia
National Park. This study involves the analysis of morphological characteristics such
as glume, achene, inflorescence, anther and utricle. These parts were analyzed on both
morphological and micro morphological level with help of Light Microscope and
Scanning Electron Microscope. Herbarium specimen were prepared and submitted to
PMNH as reference for future studies for all three species. Molecular analysis was
performed by amplifying 4 barcoding markers regions. ITS, ETS, rbcL and matK
regions were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were submitted to National Center
for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and sequence accession numbers were obtained.
Phylogenetic analysis was performed with help of Geneious software. Neighbor
joining, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analysis trees were constructed. The trees
suggested close relationship between the species under study with similar taxa. Present
study provides detailed account of morphological, micro morphological and molecular
data of these three species.
