Energy and Exergy Analysis of Automotive Vehicles in Pakistan-Evaluation of Waste Heat Recovery Potential to Drive Parasitic Loads /

Abstract

Road transport is considered as the back bone of Pakistan’s economy. Road transport vehicles are powered by ICEs. The thermal efficiency of ICE is about 30-35%, rest of the thermal energy is wasted through the cooling water and exhaust gases (contributes to global warming). The fuel consumption is also increased due to the engine parasitic loads. Energy and exergy analysis of the exhaust gases of the selected internal combustion engines have been done in this study. Recoverable waste heat is estimated in the study. This thesis proposes an E-Turbine system to recover waste heat and to replace the parasitic loads (alternator and AC compressor). Engines R06A (0.6L), F8B (0.8), K10B (1L), 2NZ-FE (1.3L) and 2ZR-FE (1.8L), running in Pakistan, are modeled in MATLAB at full load. Brake power, torque, exhaust energy and mass flow rate of exhaust gases are plotted at different rotational speed of internal combustion engines. Temperature of exhaust gas is plotted as a function of brake power and rpm. Exergy analysis of exhaust gases is also done in this study. At 3500 rpm and full load, exhaust gases of engine K10B have the exhaust energy of 25.69 kW and exergy of 13.64 kW. In the latter part of the paper, for the design point 3500 rpm of engine K10B, radial turbine is selected from the NsDs diagram. Diameter of the turbine is 0.061 m at the blade tip speed of 500 m/s. The selection of high-speed generator is done from the literature. The battery sizing and cost analysis of the system has been done.