Assessment of Energy Efficiency and Contribution of Climate Change Impacts via Room Air conditioners, Refrigerators and Deep Freezers in Pakistan

Abstract

Pakistan constitutes the region where summers have high temperatures with a long duration. Consequently, the demand for cooling equipment is very high in most parts of the country. To meet such high demand, increasing the efficiency of cooling air conditioners, refrigerators and deep freezers are the best solution to reduce peak load, energy consumption, and environmental impacts. Ministry of Water and Power established the Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) compliance for room air conditioners (RACs). Due to the lack of market data, there are barriers for the assessment of cooling systems efficiencies and refrigerants used. The objective of this study is to assess the on-sale RACs, refrigerators and deep freezers energy efficiency, energy consumption, energy-saving potential and indirect CO2 emissions reduction. The performance gap between the current MEPS EER 3.2 and the market on sale ACs with average EER 3.4 have also been analyzed and the efficiency is much lower when compared with the best available contingent in the world. Before the market saturates, leapfrogging to efficient appliances is more reasonable when ownership is very low. The consumption from these three appliances in 2030 will reach 74.7 TWh in BAU while in CIS and BAT the consumption will be 64.5 and 36.55 TWh, which 86% and 49% respectively. The accumulative electricity savings of CIS and BAT are equal to 204.08 TW h and 793.38 TW h, with shares of 12 % and 47% of the accumulative BAU scenario electricity consumption for 2020-2040 and shows the reduction in CO2 emission is 167.46 and 488.22 Mt for CIS and BAT scenario This study will also provide the direction for the next standards and labeling (S&L) implementation in Pakistan.