Recently the use of vibrating wire strain gauges has increased to find out the damage in a reinforced concrete structure. The assembly and functioning of this acoustic strain gauge are presented. This gauge provides numerous ...

Full-scale experimental checks and corresponding modeling efforts by way of researchers have revealed that, even though the structures designed in line with current seismic requirements maintain the MCE stage earthquake ...

Pakistan is still striving for improvements in construction industry. Major construction in private sector is carried out as non-engineered; there are very few projects that are properly designed for gravity and lateral ...

Bendable concrete scientifically termed as “Engineered Cementitious Composites” is gaining popularity among researchers because of its enhanced ductility and durability properties. However, due to certain key constraints, ...

With every passing year, our buildings are getting older and we should know which buildings no longer can withstand the seismic activities so are in a need of our attention and which are safe to use. To know this, ...

Concrete has been utilized in building for many decades because of the need for reinforcements because of its fragile nature. Bamboo, wire mesh, and structural steel have all been used to reinforce concrete during the ...

Phase change materials (PCMs) are the latent thermal storage materials that can store a large amount of thermal energy while changing their phase and are usually incorporated in concrete for improving its thermal ...

Masonry structures are prevalent worldwide, but the preference for using masonry construction is far greater in developing countries, like Pakistan. This is mainly due to readily available raw materials, low-cost manufacturing, ...

Aggregates usually makeup 75-85% by mass and 60-75% by volume of concrete and significantly affect the properties of freshly mixed and hardened concrete, economy, sustainability, and mix proportions. Pakistan has major ...

Abstract Pakistan is an earthquake-prone and seismically active region of the world. Typical RC frame buildings in Pakistan have poor confinement of beams and columns as their design is based primarily on gravity loads ...