Road Safety Audit of Road Infrastructure of NUST H-12 Campus, Islamabad

Abstract

Muhammad Waqas Bashir (G.L) 2011-BE-CE-85 Muhammad Irfan 2011-BE-CE-65 Muhammad Junaid Abbas 2011-BE-CE-66 Muhammad Omar Khan 2011-BE-CE-71 NUST Institute of Civil Engineering School of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan 2015 ii This is to certify that the Final Year Project Titled ROAD SAFETY AUDIT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE OF NUST H-12 CAMPUS, ISLAMABAD Submitted by Muhammad Waqas Bashir (G.L) 2011-BE-CE-85 Muhammad Irfan 2011-BE-CE-65 Muhammad Junaid Abbas 2011-BE-CE-66 Muhammad Omar Khan 2011-BE-CE-71 has been accepted towards the requirements for the undergraduate degree in CIVIL ENGINEERING _________________________ _______________________ Malik Saqib Dr. Anwaar Ahmad Assistant Professor Associate Professor Project Advisor Project Co-Advisor NUST Institute of Civil Engineering School of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan iii Acknowledgement The credit for our massively useful learning experience of this project goes to Allah, without His help it would have been a miserable failure. All glory to Almighty Allah who enabled us to complete this project. During the whole project we have learnt a lot of things. Thanks to the support of all colleagues and staff with gratitude. We wish to acknowledge all of them. Sincere thanks to our advisor A/P Malik Saqib and co-advisor Dr. Anwar Ahmad. They were a very valuable resource of knowledge and used to answer all our queries. They have always been considerate and they recognized our efforts as well as encouraged us. We are also very grateful to our class friends and seniors. They have been very supportive to us. We are in debt to all the people at university who supported us throughout the engineering degree program. We are grateful to NUST to provide us with this opportunity and to make this experience relishing by providing their best department, and also with suitable conditions for us to learn out of this experience. iv Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... VILIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................... VIILIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................. IXABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................................... 1EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 2AIM AND OBJECTIVE: .................................................................................................................................... 3SCOPE OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................... 4METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 4CHAPTER 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 6LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 61.1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT: AN OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 61.2 BENEFITS AND ROAD SAFETY AUDITS ...................................................................................................... 71.3 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT: PAKISTAN’S PERSPECTIVE ..................................................................................... 7CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 9FIELD STUDIES ................................................................................................................................................. 92.1 SURVEYS FOR THE ROAD FURNITURE & PHYSICAL CONDITIONS: ............................................................. 92.2 INTERSECTIONS ANALYSIS REGARDING PHYSICAL CONDITIONS: ............................................................. 102.2.1 SMME Intersection ....................................................................................................................... 102.2.2 Indus Loop and Bolan Road Intersection (Rumi Intersection) ..................................................... 122.2.3 Iqbal Square Roundabout .............................................................................................................. 132.2.4 ASAB 3 legged Intersection ......................................................................................................... 142.2.5 SADA intersection: ....................................................................................................................... 152.2.6 NBS Intersections ......................................................................................................................... 162.2.7 Concordia 1 (C1) Intersection ....................................................................................................... 172.2.8 School of Social Sciences and Humanities (S3 H) Intersection ..................................................... 182.2.9 Girls Hostel Intersection ............................................................................................................... 192.2.10 Khyber Road Intersection ............................................................................................................. 202.2.11 Analysis of Roads ........................................................................................................................ 212.3 TRAFFIC COUNTS ................................................................................................................................... 222.3.1 Counts at Luqman Avenue ........................................................................................................... 222.3.2 Counts at Aligarh Avenue ............................................................................................................. 24CHAPTER 3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 26MITIGATION PLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 26 v 3.1 ROAD CROSS SECTIONS: .......................................................................................................................... 283.2 TRAFFIC PROBLEMS & PROPOSED PLAN FOR THE INTERSECTIONS: ......................................................... 303.2.1 Khyber Road and Luqman Avenue Intersection: .......................................................................... 313.2.2 Intersection of Luqman Avenue and Indus Loop .......................................................................... 343.2.3 Bolan Road and Indus Loop Intersection (Rumi Intersection): .................................................... 393.2.4 Intersection between Khyber Road and Ravi Road: ..................................................................... 423.2.5 SMME Intersection ....................................................................................................................... 443.2.6 Iqbal square: ................................................................................................................................. 463.2.7 ASAB Intersection: ....................................................................................................................... 473.2.8 Concordia 1(C1) Intersection: ....................................................................................................... 493.2.9 NBS Intersection: .......................................................................................................................... 513.2.10 IESE Intersection: ......................................................................................................................... 523.2.11 General problems .......................................................................................................................... 533.3 COST ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................................... 56CHAPTER 4 ....................................................................................................................................................... 59ROAD ALIGNMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 594.1 THE HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENTS: ............................................................................................................ 594.2 VERTICAL CURVES: ............................................................................................................................... 64CHAPTER 5 ....................................................................................................................................................... 68CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 685.1 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 685.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 68REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................. 70ANNEX ............................................................................................................................................................... 711. CHECK LIST ........................................................................................................................................... 712. EXISTING MAP OF NUST H-12 CAMPUS WITH THE ROAD FURNITURE ..................................................... 713. PROPOSED TRAFFIC SAFETY MAP OF NUST H-12 CAMPUS .................................................................... 71 vi List of Acronyms RSA Road Safety Audit SSD Safe Stopping Distance MUTCD Manual of Uniform Traffic and Control Devices SMME School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering SCEE School of Civil and Environmental Engineering SEECS School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences NICE NUST Institute of Civil Engineering ASAB Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences SADA School of Art Design and Architecture NBS NUST Business School S3H School of Social Sciences and Humanities SCME School of Chemical and Materials Engineering IESE Institute of Environmental Studies and Engineering IGIS Institute of Geographical Information System PMO Project Management Office C1 Concordia 1 C2 Concordia 2 vii List of Figures Figure 2.1: Drainage blocked by stones and weeds on the Eastern leg of SMME intersecti ......... 11Figure 2.2: Rumi intersection with no road markings and improper signage ................................ 12Figure 2.3: Iqbal square with deteriorated road markings and improper plantation on the ........... 13Figure 2.4: ASAB intersection showing no road markings and the blockage of sight on th ......... 14Figure 2.5: SADA intersection showing the blockage of sight due to plants and generators ........ 15Figure 2.6: NBS intersection showing vehicles parked on the road side due to insufficient ......... 16Figure 2.8: C1 intersection showing blockage of sight on the left due to improper plantati ......... 17Figure 2.9: S3H intersection showing obstruction of sight by the wall and plants, the abse ......... 18Figure 2.10: Girls' Hostel intersection showing obstruction of sight by guard post and im .......... 19Figure 2.11: Signs hidden behind the plants at Khyber road intersection ..................................... 20Figure 2.12: Absence of ramps for temporarily disabled person at C1 ......................................... 21Figure 2.13: The graph shows the morning peak hour at Gate 10 ................................................. 22Figure 2.14: The graph shows the evening peak hour at Gate 10 .................................................. 23Figure 2.15: The graph shows the morning peak hour at Gate 1 ................................................... 24Figure 2.16: The graph shows the evening peak hour at Gate 1 .................................................... 25Figure 3.1: Proper placement and marking of Yield sign at Luqman Avenue .............................. 26Figure 3.2: SADA intersection shown with proper signage and zebra crossings .......................... 27Figure 3.3: Road map of NUST H-12 Campus with the location of different schools and .......... 30Figure 3.4: Location of the intersection on the map of NUST H-12 Campus ............................... 31Figure 3.5: Geometry of intersection and the traffic movements (Close view) ............................. 31Figure 3.6: Warning and regulatory signs hidden behind the plants and sight blockage ............... 32Figure 3.8: Proposed double yellow line to separate the turning and through traffic .................... 33Figure 3.9: Pavement markers (Cateyes) placed in between the double yellow line to rest .......... 33Figure 3.10: Location of Indus Loop and Luqman Avenue intersection on the map of N ............ 34Figure 3.11: Traffic movements shown on the intersection ........................................................... 34Figure 3.12: Blockage of vision shown due to guard post and plantation ..................................... 35Figure 3.13: Blockage of sight due to gate, vehicles approaching from the right side can’ .......... 35Figure 3.14: Sight triangle is shown on the image ......................................................................... 36Figure 3.15: Pedestrian activity shown on the Indus Loop and Luqman Avenue intersect ........... 37Figure 3.16: Proposed zebra crossings and one way traffic plan on the intersection .................... 38Figure 3.17: Proposed plan of one way traffic, the vehicles from S3H and NBS will use I .......... 38Figure 3.18: Indus Loop and Bolan Road intersection (Rumi intersection) shown on the ............ 39Figure 3.19: Traffic flows shown on the intersection .................................................................... 39Figure 3.20: Improper signage shown on the intersection ............................................................. 40 viii Figure 3.21: Obstruction of the sight distance due to gate, deteriorated road markings and ......... 40Figure 3.22: Proper signage and zebra crossings proposed on the Rumi intersection ................... 41Figure 3.23: Khyber Road and Ravi Road intersection shown on the map ................................... 42Figure 3.24: Existing condition of the intersection, no road markings and absence of traff ......... 42Figure 3.25: Existing traffic route shown which passes beside the residential area ...................... 43Figure 3.26: Proposed route for the traffic ..................................................................................... 43Figure 3.27: Location of SMME intersection on the map of NUST .............................................. 44Figure 3.28: Restriction in the sight distance due to wall, and the absence of the road ma .......... 45Figure 3.29: Proposed plan for the SMME intersection shown with proper signs and ped ........... 45Figure 3.30: Location of the Iqbal Square on map of NUST ......................................................... 46Figure 3.31: Location of the ASAB intersection on the map of NUST ......................................... 47Figure 3.32: Plants restrict the sight, so the traffic approaching on the minor road can't ............. 47Figure 3.33: Proposed plan of the ASAB intersection with proper Signage ................................. 48Figure 3.34: Location of C1 intersection on the map of NUST ..................................................... 49Figure 3.35: Proposed speed hump for the northbound traffic ...................................................... 50Figure 3.36: Proposed design of the C1 intersection in the AutoCAD software ........................... 50Figure 3.37: Location of the NBS intersection on the map of NUST ............................................ 51Figure 3.38: New proposed extension of the NBS parking to meet the demands ......................... 51Figure 3.39: Location of IESE intersection on the map of NUST ................................................. 52Figure 3.40: Restriction caused by the plants in the line of sight .................................................. 52Figure 3.41: Rumi intersection congested with the high roof coasters .......................................... 54Figure 3.42: Coasters and vans in front of the administration block ............................................. 54Figure 4.1: The horizontal curve in xz axis ................................................................................... 55Figure 4.2: The configuration of the camera to measure the SSD at a horizontal curve ............... 60Figure 4.3: SSD being checked on a curve .................................................................................... 61Figure 4.4: Cone is hidden behind the sign board .......................................................................... 62Figure 4.5: Cone couldn't be seen for the speed of 60 km/h .......................................................... 62Figure 4.6: Cone can be seen at the speed of 50 km/h ................................................................... 63Figure 4.7: Vertical curve shown on the Luqman Avenue ............................................................ 64Figure 4.8: Level is being used to find the grade at a vertical curve ............................................. 65Figure 4.9: The cone is not visible for the speed of 60 km/h ......................................................... 66Figure 4.10: The cone is visible at the speed of 50 km/h ............................................................... 66 ix List of Tables Table 4.1: Lengths and radiuses of horizontal curves in H-12 Campus .................................. 59Table 4.2: Safe stopping distances at different speeds in H-12 Campus ................................. 61Table 4.3: Grades of different vertical curves in H-12 Campus .............................................. 65 1 ABSTRACT A road safety audit (RSA) is a formal examination of proposed or existing roads and road related areas from the perspective of all road users with the intentions of identifying road safety deficiencies and areas of risk that could lead to road crashes. A road safety audit is intended to deliver a safe road system. NUST H-12 campus was selected to identify the road related risks and hazards. The project was divided into three phases. In the first phase the literature was reviewed about the road safety audit which included the types of road safety audits, case studies of different roads and the importance of RSA. In the second phase, a checklist for RSA was made and a number of surveys were conducted to identify the risks and hazards in NUST H-12 campus. Separate surveys were conducted for the physical conditions of the roads of H-12 campus. Then the existing conditions of road furniture such as road signs, road markers, speed humps and street lights were marked on the map of H-12 campus. The last step in the second phase was the analysis of the geometric design of the roads. In this step, cross sections, horizontal curves and vertical curves were considered. Softwares like AutoCAD and Vissim were used. The third and final phase was the preparation of a mitigation plan of H-12 campus. In this plan, the first priority for the safety is given to the pedestrians and then to the vehicles. The mitigation plan is made in AutoCAD software and it can be efficiently applied to the H-12 campus.