Pakistan is a developing country and is experiencing a shortage of energy due to its rapidly growing population. Therefore, there is a need to explore the untapped energy potential of lignocellulosic biomass. But its ...

Humic substances are major part of NOM (Natural Organic Matter) contamination in surface water. It adds color to water, transports heavy metals, precursor of carcinogenic DBPs formation and also act as a substrate for ...

The growing population and rapid urbanization in developing countries like Pakistan are consequently giving rise to an increased level of municipal solid waste to be handled. Municipal solid waste management is important ...

Historically, there has been a tremendous increase in renewable energy resource research due to ambitious aspirations of supplying clean, inexpensive energy; nonetheless, an estimated 771 million people in developing ...

The era of 1700 saw industrial and societal development. However, it adversely contributed to the depletion of natural resources and increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Since CO2 is a greenhouse gas, it became ...

Macro- or micro-elements that are known to harm plants and other living things if they exceed their allowed limits in soil are referred to as potentially toxic elements. Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) are two hazardous metals ...

The aims of this study were to determine the microplastic abundance in nearshore and offshore surface water of Rawal Lake, Pakistan, to ascertain if sampling methodology influences the microplastic counts and to ...

Lead (Pb) is an unimprtant toxic heavy metal that decreases agricultural productivity, by impacting the physiological and biochemical properties of various crops. Lead toxicity causes wheat productivity to plunder, by ...

The relationship between human beings and soil is very complex. About 95% of food comes from the soil, while 99% of freshwater passes from the soil. Despite such a complex relationship, the soil has not gained much ...

The unprecedented spike in the RO spiral wound membranes generation reached 93.5 % for the desalination purpose in the world in 2020. Due to this exponential growth, annually 14,000 tons of RO membranes are discarded and ...