Bt cotton is engineered by insecticidal gene (Bt gene) taken from gram positive, soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Bt cotton contain Cry (Crystal)genes such as Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry2Ab that not only take part in the ...

Hepatitis C Virus non-structural protein-3 (NS3) protease and helicase domains are essential for viral replication; they are highly conserved among various HCV strains. In the current study fifty six (56) HCV infected ...

Early stage diagnosis plays a very crucial role in disease counteract in its very early stage before the appearance of the symptoms. Physician diagnosis depends on the outcomes arise from bio-chemical/diagnostic tests. ...

Barley yellow dwarf viruses [BYDV; genus Luteovirus; family Luteoviridae] are plant-infecting viruses that cause serious economic losses in cereals. Introduction of virus-derived gene(s), through genetic engineering, is ...

Biofilms are complex structures consisting of bacterial colonies encased in a mucilaginous protective coating, and represent major virulence factors contributing to the chronicity of many microbial infections. Biofilms are ...

High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of cervical cancer, which is the third most important cancer mortality in women worldwide. The incidence of cervical cancer in Pakistan and its relevance to HPV ...

To date the only standard of care for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is combinational therapy of interferon and ribavirin. Interferon based therapy is a treatment of long duration, associated with cost-effects and serious ...