Engineering Entangled States: Applications in Quantum Walk

Abstract

Entanglement of particles is a predominant aspect of quantum mechanical systems and is the most contradictory with classical intuitions. Ever since its conception by Einstein, Rosen and Podolsky, much e ort has been directed into exploiting the odd nature of entangled particles in the interdisciplinary eld of quantum information and computation. Applications include secure quantum key distribution in cryptography, superdense coding, teleportation, etc and the most striking implementation in quantum computers which make use of entangled bits as data registers for faster processing of information. The vast applications of entangled states requires their quanti cation and generation at an extensive level. In this thesis, we have highlighted the important measures to inquire the degree of entanglement in discrete and continuous variable bipartite system. The use of entanglement as a resource is explored in the computational tool of quantum walks wherein, entanglement in the coin states enhances the probability ditribution of the walker to far o positions. This is exploited to devise quantum algorithms that are much fast paced as compared to their classical counterparts.