Evaluating the expression of FAM26F in cancers and deciphering its molecular pathways

Abstract

FAM26F has been identified as a protein that is up-regulated or down-regulated in a variety of abnormalities. Widely recognized as a key modulator of multiple immune responses, FAM26F has potential involvement in immune modulation and therapeutics. Rapid advances in the fields of molecular immunology has significantly increased our understanding of establishing links with the disease progression. Such association can be systematically investigated for diseases such as Cancer for its better diagnosis and early prognosis. The major risk factors of cancers are the family history, a personal history, relationship between environmental/lifestyle factors. Despite the fact that there is substantial amount of data supporting FAM26F's possible role in immunological modulation, the protein has not been thoroughly examined. The current study aims to explore the differential expression of FAM26F in vitro in various cancer cells and siRNA based knockdown study of FAM26F inhibition in HEK-293. The expression analysis of FAM26F in certain cancer biospsies was also evaluated via Immunohistochemistry. Level of expression of FAM26F in various cancers showed its prevalence as a biomarker in cancers whereas knockdown studies stated it’s role in deciphering the particular pathway whose expression had an anticancer effect. In our study on cancer Breast cancer biopsies, we did the IHC on breast cancer and post chemo breast cancer tissues, and analyzed that the expression of FAM26F is suppressed in cancer, whereas in post-chemo tissues it is re-boosted like the normal. It is hypothesized that the interaction of FAM26F or Thioredoxin with CD30R determines the activation or inhibition of the cellular immune response. In addition, qPCR analysis of FAM26F and Thioredoxin expression in healthy normal cells and FAM26F knockdown cells revealed significant up-regulation of Thioredoxin in knockdown cells invitro. The early stages of tumor formation rely heavily on Trx1, and FAM26F is a potent immune regulator and proposed antitumor agent, a new cancer therapeutics approach based on silencing the Trx1/TrxR1 system and inducing FAM26F expression may represent a promising approach for cancer treatment. The study analyzes the expression of FAM26F, and by accentuating its therapeutic effects in cancers, the need of study which focuses on determining FAM26F in the regard of immune deterioration is asserted.