Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Rheumatic Potential of Cassia Angustifolia and Colchicum Luteum

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive auto-immune disease in which body immune system attacks its own self tissues especially the synovial lining of the joints. There is no cure for R.A. Therapeutic strategies mainly focus on the symptoms and managements. The current therapies lead to the increase cytotoxicity and many other side effects mostly gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic ulcers. So, a new approach is required for anti-inflammatory and anti- rheumatic potential with minimum side effects. Medicinal plants promise these results with minimum side-effects as phytochemicals are natural compounds, they are less likely to induce cytotoxicity. For comparative evaluation of Cassia Angustifolia and Colchicum Luteum qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was done to check the presence of medically important components and the phenolic and flavonoid content. Anti-oxidant potential was analyzed by DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assay whereas anti-inflammatory activity was determined by membrane stabilization assay and albumin denaturation assay. Safety of extract was determined by Eneguide acute toxicity analysis after which CIA mice mode was made for the comparative evaluation of anti-rheumatic potential of Cassia and Colchicum. For the identification of lead compounds responsible for the anti-rheumatic potential GCMS was conducted. The active compounds were then isolated from the GCMS data on the basis of Druglikliness, AMES, Lipinski rile of 5, BBB impermeability and rotatable bonds. Shortlisted compounds were then docked with the HUB genes isolated from the DEGs after the PPI generation. The four HUB genes were selected i.e. STAT1, UBC, EEF1A1 and RPL19. The docked complexes with the highest binding energies were then validated by MD simulations. Colchicum Luteum shows much promising results as compared with the Cassia Angustifolia as it shows higher flavonoid and phenolic content and better anti-oxidant and anti inflammatory properties. Moreover, Colchicum CIA mice swallowing diminished at the elevated rate than that of Cassia. Colchicum compounds also shows much higher docking energies than that of Cassia. Therefore, Colchicum Luteum has much stronger anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic potential. The novel compounds which shows stable binding during the simulations should be selected for the drug development of the rheumatoid arthritis