Abstract:
Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells in the breast. It is a 2nd more common cancer in women after lung. Early detection is the only way to combating it and ensuring effective treatment. The examination of any breast pathology should include a “triple assessment”: clinical assessment, imaging, and cytology. Mammography X-rays, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and MRI are often used as diagnostic tools for detecting breast cancer, but for early cancer diagnosis these devices do not much support. Additionally, various downsides were frequently caused by the aforementioned gadgets. the uncomfortable scanning, ionizing radiation, misleading effects, and false-negative effects, for instance. On the other hand, microwave imaging is a different technique for detecting breast cancer early. Patients now require efficient antennas that deliver improved imaging, diagnosis, and therapy because to advancements in medical research. The suggested research project also offers UWB antennas as a potential remedy for this issue.
The thesis presents a unique ultra-wideband Microstrip Patch antenna system that operates in the C, X, and some portion of S bands, to have an early detection of breast cancer. The cupper ground plane and a slotted loaded over the patch of the microstrip patch antenna will serve as the conducting materials. A FR-4 Lossy with the thickness of 1 mm and dielectric constant 4.3 is used to develop the antenna. A coaxial feed line is selected for the antenna with dimensions of 31x31 mm, that antenna operate in wide range 3.4 GHz to 10 GHz. An innovative ultra-wideband Microstrip Patch antenna is created to operate at frequencies between 3.34 GHz and 10 GHz, to achieve the return losses less than -10 dB at all of the aforementioned frequencies, and with a fractional bandwidth more than 6 GHz. In addition, 4-element antenna array has also been developed. Breast phantom has also been developed and Ground penetrating radar technique has been implemented on the phantom for the detection of the cancer tumor. An excellent result has been achieved using Ground penetrating radar technique.
