Validation of Antibacterial Activity of Gossypol against Enterococcus faecalis

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern today that affects the entire world, necessitating the development of new antibacterial medications. Nosocomial infections pose a serious challenge for patients and hinder effective treatment. The second most common cause of nosocomial infections is Enterococcus faecalis, and it depends on the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme's capacity to maintain redox balance for growth, resistance, and virulence. As demonstrated before by computational technique, our study attempted to assess the antibacterial effect of Gossypol on Enterococcus faecalis by inhibiting Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme. We used six different stressors, including 0.01% SDS, 2.5mM H2O2, 8% Ethanol, 10% DMSO, 10% Glucose, and 0.25% HOCl, in addition to our inhibitor Gossypol. Gossypol was employed in the following concentrations: 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 micrograms per milliliter using a large test tube method, absorbance on a UV-visible spectrophotometer, and on a microscale using a 96-well flat-bottom plate with a Microplate reader. Between control (Culture Media) and vehicle control, which is DMSO, there is no discernible difference. At higher dosages of Gossypol, such as 100 and 200 micrograms per milliliter, there is significant growth inhibition; nevertheless, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 micrograms per milliliter show no significant inhibition. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration is 100 microgram per milliliter. We used our six different stress factors with MIC value of Gossypol. There is no discernible growth inhibition when Gossypol is employed in conjunction with stress factors such 0.01% SDS, 2.5mM H2O2, and 0.25% HOCl. However, at 100 micrograms per milliliter at the fourth and fifth hours, glucose 10% exhibits a strong inhibitory impact, though not by a great deal. Along with MIC value of Gossypol, 100 micrograms per milliliter, 8% ethanol and 10% DMSO significantly slowed the development of the bacteria. The lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in Enterococcus faecalis was effectively inhibited by gossypol. Future in vivo studies are required to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of Gossypol in greater detail, as well as to compare it to antibiotics as an adjunctive treatment.