Terminal Sliding Mode based Nonlinear Control for Energy Management of fuel Cell, Battery, and Ultracapacitor based Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle /

Abstract

Conventional vehicles are headed towards essential transformation in energy technologies due to rapid fossil fuel depletion, environmental hazards, and increased global warming. To address this challenge plugin hybrid electric vehicles have attracted a huge response from the market and the consumers. A plugin hybrid electric vehicle comprises of an integrated charger and a hybrid energy storage system. An integrated charger includes the grid source with a unidirectional DC-DC converter and the storage system contains the fuel cell, battery, and ultracapacitor coupled with unidirectional and bidirectional converters. In this work, a nonlinear controller has been designed developed on the terminal sliding mode control for this topology. Firstly, the dynamic mathematical model of the system is established. Then, an energy management algorithm is designed using the state of charge. The main objective of this algorithm is to ensure system stability under varying load conditions. The proposed controller aims to meet the varying load demand, perform the DC bus regulation, and uniform tracking of the fuel cell, battery, and ultracapacitor reference currents. In addition to that, the system’s asymptotic stability is demonstrated through the Lyapunov stability theory. Afterward, the robustness and working of the proposed control method- ology are verified by simulating it on MATLAB/Simulink, and the results are compared with the synergetic and backstepping controllers. Lastly, the physical use of the recommended system is validated by performing the controller hardware in the loop experiments. Results show that the proposed terminal sliding mode based controller is significantly stable and superior in performance.