COST-EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE AND WATER SUPPLY DESIGN OF HILLY TERRAIN (AKBAR TOWN ATTOCK)

Abstract

Urban infrastructure plays a vital role in the development of urbanization of any city. And optimized infrastructure is very important for sustainable and smart cities development urban designing depends upon the type of master plan. master plan basically includes the type of road and street pattern which have been used. The saleable area depends upon these two above factors. So, it is very important to select the appropriate patterns for efficiency and cost effectiveness. All the infrastructure depends upon these two. which have been followed. the master plan includes the road and street pattern which have been followed. The road pattern is a crucial component of urban infrastructure development, as it affects the connectivity, traffic flow, economic growth, safety, and sustainability of a city. A well-planned road network can connect different parts of a city, improve accessibility, reduce congestion, minimize travel time, attract investment, promote sustainable transportation, and enhance safety for motorists and pedestrians. Additionally, it can provide safe spaces for pedestrians and cyclists, making the city more livable and promoting healthy lifestyles. Therefore, careful consideration of road pattern design is essential for successful urban infrastructure development. Infrastructure design plays a crucial role in the development of urban areas. It involves planning, designing, and constructing physical structures and systems that support the needs of the community. The design of infrastructure includes roads, bridges, water supply systems, sewage systems, waste management systems, public transportation systems, and more the importance of infrastructure design for urban development lies in its ability to provide the necessary facilities and services that enhance the quality of life for people in urban areas. A well-designed infrastructure system can improve access to essential services, such as healthcare and education, and promote economic growth by facilitating the movement of goods and people. Infrastructure design also plays a critical role in promoting sustainability in urban areas.6 Sustainable infrastructure design includes the use of renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions, and implementing green infrastructure practices to promote environmental protection. In conclusion, infrastructure design is a vital aspect of urban development as it impacts the quality of life, economic growth, and sustainability of urban areas. Therefore, careful consideration of infrastructure design is necessary to ensure that the needs of the community are met, and the urban environment is sustainable for future generations. The water distribution is a part of infrastructure development. Water distribution system (WDS) aims to distribute water from reservoirs or aqueducts to the endusers. This system is part of the water supply network that carries potable water from a central treatment plant or wells to water consumers in order to deliver water sufficiently to meet residential, commercial, industrial, and firefighting requirements. Modern systems aim to solve water distribution systems management problems, such as the lowest cost, and most efficient design by using linear/nonlinear optimization schemes, which are limited by the system size, the number of constraints, and the number of loading conditions. After a literature review for the articles that dealt with this topic, designing two parts of the water distribution system is discussed as a case study in Erbil. Pumps and storage tanks, while optimizing the water distribution system by minimizing the project cost through minimizing the volume of the elevated tank according to the pump working hours.